 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
|
||||||
|
|||||||
you are here: > Glossary
> P
| PACTA SUNT SERVANDA | ||
| An ancient Latin phrase and fundamental principle of both ancient pre-Vatican LAW and COMMON LAW meaning literally "agreements must be kept". In it most basic sense, the principle infers that CLAUSES within a CONTRACT agreed in good faith (BONA FIDE) are LAW and that non-fulfulment of respective obligations is a breach of the pact. However, today this maxim has been thoroughly corrupted by two modern "escape clauses" namely: JUS COGENS ("compelling law") and REBUS SIC STANTIBUS ("things thus standing") which are usually reserved for the treatment and interpretation of INTERNATIONAL LAW and not granted to lesser courts. | ||
| PATENT | ||
| From 14th Century common abbreviation for litterae patentes see: LETTERS PATENT. In the 15th Century, the Republic of Venice became the first state to issue "Patents" as we understand them today being "a set of exclusive rights granted by a STATE to an inventor or assignee for a period of time in exchange for the DISCLOSURE of an invention". | ||
| PEACE OFFICER | ||
| PERSON | ||
| From 13th Century Latin persona = “the (fictional) legal character representing an individual HUMAN BEING or CORPORATION by CONSENT ". Person is a key rule of Law describing a fundamental legal fiction --that is any individual or formal organization subject to the Curia (courts) or lesser courts. Providing consent is given without duress, legally an individual, a corporation and even a nation may be considered a PERSON and therefore subject to the principles of common law and commercial (maritime) law of the Vatican/Roman Cult. Legally, the name assigned to a Person must always be in CAPITALS to distinguish a "person" from a free man or free society. | ||
| PERSONALITY | ||
| From 14th Century Latin personalis = "The quality or fact of being a PERSON". Itself a combination of persona=PERSON and alius = "other, another, someone/something else". At the beginning of the 19th Century, a new definition was added to reflect the real-world fact of unique differences between individuals, namely "A set of qualities that makes a PERSON distinct from another". The use of the word "personality" in the creation of the fictional and extremely dangerous "science" of psychology is attested from the early 20th Century meaning "assumed role or manner of PERSONAL behaviour". | ||
| PER SE | ||
| "By itself" - Denoting that the topic should be taken alone. | ||
| PLEA | ||
| PRECEDENT | ||
| previously adjudged action or decision on same or similar point, serving as a rule or example for present guidance | ||
| PRECLUDE | ||
| To prevent or stop | ||
| PRIMA FACIE | ||
| "First sight" - Prima Facie evidence would be considered sufficient to prove a case unless disproved - if no Prima Facie evidence can be offered there is no case to answer | ||
| PROCLAMATION | ||
| From 15th Century Latin proclamatio meaning "a formal public announcement of an official STATEMENT or STATUTE". The word is derived from the same dated Latin word proclamare "cry or call out" itself from two ancient Latin words pro = "forth" and clamare = "to cry out". In COMMON LAW history, STATUTES were not effectively LAW until they are publicly announced, regardless of whether they had been published. The performance of Proclamations in medieval times was a key role of the town cryer. Today, the same role is largely performed by the MEDIA. | ||
| PRONOUNCEMENT | ||
| From ancient pre-Vatican Roman Latin pronuntio meaning "to make publicly known, declare; (in the senate), to account a resolution; at a sale, to make a oral statement as to defects." From very early Latin pro = "in front of, before / on behalf of, for" and nuntio = "to announce, report, relate". Carried through into COMMON LAW, but depreciated in favour of less effective words such as PROCLAMATION and DECLARATION--both of which are within the Vatican ROMAN LAW apparatus. However, where a Pronouncement can demonstrate superior STATUS, it holds superiority over other forms of official oral instruments. | ||
| PROOF | ||
| From 13th Century English preove = "EVIDENCE accepted by a duly appointed legal power to establish the FACT of some DEED/act". From combination of earlier Latin Pro= "in front of, before / on behalf of, for" and offero = "and to bring forward, place before, present, offer, expose". Frequently mistakenly believed to be interchangeable in meaning with evidence. In a strict legal sense Proof is rooted in procedure. In contrast, the ancient Latin legal term probo "to show, prove, demonstrate, approve, find good, judge" emphasizes the value of evidence, not its procedural merit. In many countries, it remains possibly to render hard scientific EVIDENCE of a crime inadmissible (not proof) based on the procedural nature of proof in a court of law. | ||
| PROPERTY | ||
| PRO SE | ||
| Latin meaning "for oneself; in one's own behalf". In formal legal terms a pro se party is one who, without representation, acts as his/her own attorney. Contrary to many deliberately incorrect definitions in LAW DICTIONARIES, it does not in any way imply a man or woman admits to being a PERSON. When a COURT seeks to trick an individual by first refusing to recognize their COMMON LAW right to PRO SE, it may be necessary to further state that one is an UNREPRESENTED MAN (or woman). | ||
| PRO PER | ||
| Means in your proper person. | ||
| PUBLIC HAZARD BOND | ||
Copyright 2010 UCADIA 2009. All rights reserved. |
||