| 21.11 |
A brief history of work
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Organized work is the very thing that distinguishes us from other primates is our society. Long before civilization, humans worked for the good of a collective unit. |
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Some of the unit hunted and gathered food, while others stood watch over vulnerable members of the unit and helped prepare food and repair tools. At the centre were the leader and his immediate blood relatives. |
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Thus from the very beginning: |
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•Work has always been specialized
•Work has always been in the context of some organized collective (ie tribe, army, town, city, state, country)
•Work allocation has always been dictated and controlled by people in power |
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| 21.11.1 |
The evolutionary history of work specialization |
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One way to look at the history of work is to look at the evolution of types of work, what invention/innovation created the skills and how this changed the world. |
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From a handful of essential job types in an ancient tribe, modern human societies now employ people to perform tends of thousands of different types of work. How did it get to be so complex? What are the prototype and defining types of work that made this possible? |
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While this method of history is interesting as how different roles and job types have evolved, it inevitably leads to a simplified "always upward" curve of history, starting with unsophisticated tribal jobs through to medieval guilds and finally modern day specialized roles. |
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This unfortunately is a highly inaccurate method of history as medical practitioners 2000 years ago were performing precision operations with sophisticated medical tools that were only surpassed in technological skill less than fifty years ago. That the history of work is not so straight forward and involves to major regression and re-learning throughout history. |
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| 21.11.2 |
Work and the system |
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Another way to look at the history of work is to look at the evolution of model systems of organized human effort that have opened up new ways of performing work. |
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There are a number of benefits of this model, particularly in looking at how organized work systems evolved from hunter gatherer to farmer and from farmer to traders and eventually to modern industrialists. |
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The problem of this method of viewing the history of work is the same as for individual job types, the implied assumption that all work systems have somehow always evolved forward from the beginning of time, so that from Ancient Greece, we evolved to Rome, then to Medieval craft, then to the Industrial age of mechanization and finally the modern age. |
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Again, this blinkered "always forward" view ignored the sophisticated systems and precision systems of ancient Rome that was then systematically dismantled by Christianity. It also ignores the fact that urban living today has still never recovered in either sophistication, wisdom, or planning to that of master Roman engineers 2,000 years ago. |
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| 21.11.3 |
Power and work |
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While greater skills might afford an individual a level of usefulness within a unit, it has always been that the most physically powerful humans have controlled the nature of work for the rest of the unit. |
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| 21.11.4 |
The Universal Industry Description (UID) method |
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To assist in viewing the different phases of work, a system developed wthin the Ucadian model known as the UID or Universal Industry Description is used at each major point in history, to define the development of work and industry/markets. |
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In terms of the 21st century, the following outlines the major markets at the moment: |
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| RecNo |
Industry |
| 1 |
Energy and Water |
| 2 |
Construction |
| 3 |
Matter: Primary elements & minerals |
| 4 |
Matter: Primary molecules & compounds |
| 5 |
Materials: Primary Fibres & Textiles |
| 6 |
Materials: Primary Metals and Alloys |
| 7 |
Materials: Primary Clays and Stone |
| 8 |
Products.Biologic & Food |
| 9 |
Products.Biogenetic & Medicines |
| 10 |
Products.Manufacture-Non-Meka |
| 11 |
Products.Meka-Simple (non powered) |
| 12 |
Products.Meka-Complex (non powered) |
| 13 |
Products.Meka-Simple (powered) |
| 14 |
Products.Meka-Complex (powered) |
| 15 |
Products.Meka-Micro (powered) |
| 16 |
Products.Meka-Autonomous-Intelligence (powered) |
| 17 |
Products.Retail Sale |
| 18 |
Communication and media |
| 19 |
Services.Government |
| 20 |
Services.Commercial |
| 21 |
Services.Non-profit |
| 22 |
Transport and Logistics |
| 23 |
Non classificable |
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| 21.11.5 |
The EKELOS profile of market sophistication |
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In addition to the UID model of growth of markets, the EKELOS profile of market sophistication also provides a helpful profile as to the development of work in terms of the sophistication of economies over the ages. |
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The EKELOS profile rates the sophistication of economies based on the number and diversity of key markets in the trade (import/export) of good and services. |
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| Type |
Type_Description |
AverageSize |
| Primary Agriculture |
Agriculture |
100 |
| Primary Matter |
Minerals/Fuels |
120 |
| Primary Materials |
Materials |
150 |
| Complex Primary |
Combination of primaries |
200 |
| Simple Manufacture |
Parts/Electricals/Furniture |
180 |
| Complex Primary/Simple Manufacture |
Parts/Electricals/Furniture & primary |
200 |
| Complex Manufacture |
Engines/Scientific/Computer |
220 |
| Advanced Biologics |
Advanced agriculture & genetics |
360 |
| Advanced Matter |
Adanvanced matter and recycling |
360 |
| Advanced Materials |
Advanced materials |
360 |
| Advanced Manufacture |
Advanced manufacture |
360 |
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